# SRFI 26: Notation for Specializing Parameters without Currying

by Sebastian Egner

status: final (2002-02-14)

keywords: Syntax

## Abstract

When programming in functional style, it is frequently necessary to specialize some of the parameters of a multi-parameter procedure. For example, from the binary operation cons one might want to obtain the unary operation (lambda (x) (cons 1 x)). This specialization of parameters is also known as "partial application", "operator section" or "projection".

The mechanism proposed here allows to write this sort of specialization in a simple and compact way. The mechanism is best explained by a few examples:

 (cut cons (+ a 1) <>) is the same as (lambda (x2) (cons (+ a 1) x2)) (cut list 1 <> 3 <> 5) is the same as (lambda (x2 x4) (list 1 x2 3 x4 5)) (cut list) is the same as (lambda () (list)) (cut list 1 <> 3 <...>) is the same as (lambda (x2 . xs) (apply list 1 x2 3 xs)) (cut <> a b) is the same as (lambda (f) (f a b))

As you see, the macro cut specializes some of the parameters of its first argument. The parameters that are to show up as formal variables of the result are indicated by the symbol <>, pronouced as "slot". In addition, the symbol <...>, pronounced as "rest-slot", matches all residual arguments of a variable argument procedure. As you can see from the last example above, the first argument can also be a slot, as one should expect in Scheme.

In addition to cut, there is a variant called cute (a mnemonic for "cut with evaluated non-slots") which evaluates the non-slot expressions at the time the procedure is specialized, not at the time the specialized procedure is called. For example,

 (cute cons (+ a 1) <>) is the same as (let ((a1 (+ a 1))) (lambda (x2) (cons a1 x2)))

As you see from comparing this example with the first example above, the cute-variant will evaluate (+ a 1) once, while the cut-variant will evaluate it during every invokation of the resulting procedure.

The mechanism proposed in this SRFI allows specializing any subset of the variables of a procedure. The result can be of fixed arity or of variable arity. The mechanism does not allow permutation, omission, duplication or any other processing of the arguments; for this it is necessary to write to use a different mechanism such as lambda.