I'll add something in the preamble saying:
The tokens of the form ``foo:'' used in this document will be
called ``keywords''.
On Scheme implementations supporting SRFI 88, these keywords
correspond to the
keyword objects specified in that SRFI. On Scheme
implementations which do not
support SRFI 88, these keywords are symbols.
Which is as much as to say that they need to be quoted on non-SRFI-88
systems, as your followup notes. This is always a safe strategy,
since a quoted keyword evaluates to itself.
Keywords are controversial (if nobody else, I am making controversy
about them!), and this otherwise satisfactory SRFI should not, IMHO,
depend on their presence.